Prototype Introduction

Every object is an object of object. If we want to make the complex web application then we need to use prototype concept with Object Oritented at javascript in one level.

Object.prototype is an object whose properties and methods are inherited to new object when the new object is creating by using that constructor. The consctructor name would be same as for use to create new object.

Here we go for example.
var mydate = new Date();

Here via the Date.prototype, all the methods and properties of Date constructor would inherited to mydate object like getMonths() and getSeconds(). If you want to get month then you can simply do.
mydate.getMonths().
The getMonths() method is not user defined it is inherited from Date.prototype.

How do you use the prototype concept in your custom object. 
var mercidies = new Car();
function Car(name){
this.name = name;
}

Now if you want to add custom method to Car class then you can do.

Car.prototype.getValue = function (val){
var total = val + 100*(12.3/100);
}

For properites
Car.prototype.color = 'gray';

Now Every object is made by using Car() cunstroctur inherited getValue() method and color property.

So we can say prototype concept shares the information(properties and methods) to all those object which are created by using Car() cunstroctur.

So what is the main benfit of it?
It's main advantage is when we create the method and property by using object's prototype concept, methods and properties are shared to each instance made by using that paritcular cunstructor. Which means there is no need to make a copy of methods and properites for each instance.

And the result would be it uses less memory and the speed would be increase obviously.

What if the prototype concept is not exist?
For example simple class
function Car(){
this.name = name;
this.color = 'gray';
this.getValue  = function (){
var total = val + 100*(12.3/100);
}
}

When you make the instances by using that Car cunstructor then each instance/object copy those all properties and methods. Which is not good into complex web application.
If we use the concept of prototype then cunsctructor shares proprites and methods to each object. That's how its increase the speed.

Prototype Chains
By default every simple object has inherited the properties and methods from Object.prototype.
When the method and properties are accessing of objects, it travels through child to parent object.
For example

function Car(name){
this.name = name;
}

var myCar = new Car();
myCar.toString();

When the toString () is called first of all it sees that is it available in Car's prototype if yes then it returns particular value otherwise it heads to check for Object.prototype methods and returns the particular value if found the method otherwise returns null.

Wrapper Object

In JavaScript everything is about method and property.  There is different type of object. Wrapper object is also one of them. Every object has property and method. So what is the different concept in wrapper object, There we can get the different property and method for string, for example

var myVal = “hello”;

myVal.length;

myVal.indexof(‘h’);

Here myVal is not object however we are using property(length) and method(indexof) to reach that object for particular task. It happens all because of wrapper object concept; 
In simple words when we call the property and method for particular string, at the same time there will be created a temporary object (which is called wrapper object also). When myVal.length is invoked then the temporary object would be made
.
Lets see what happens after created the temporary object with example,

var mystring = “sumanbogati”

var newval = mystring.length;

alert(newval)

After executed the line “var newval = mystring.length;” the temporary object(wrapper object) would be deleted. One more thing is interesting that we can not assign the value to property of string, for example

var mystring = “sumanbogati”

mystring.length = 5

var newval = mystring.length;

The new value would not be 5 but 10 original one.
The same concept would be apply to number and boolean also.